Extended village study report on |
“A study on impact of sanitation practices in Madikoppa village” |
Submitted by Mr. Ramachandra Bhat |
Cohort -6. |
Submitted to,
Mr. Chinnababu
Team leader
Deshpande Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship
Hubli
2011
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This work entitled “A study on impact of sanitation practices in Madikoppa village”. It is my pleasure and privilege to express my deep indebtedness to my Guide Mr. Chanababu team leader Deshpande Feollowship Program, Hubli. Under his guidance this extended village study program had been carried. I am highly grateful to his insightful and valuable guidance, benign cooperation and humanitarian outlook. But for his able supervision, this work would not have seen the light of the day. I remain ever grateful to him.
First, I would express my sincere thanks to Miss. Uma Program manager Deshpande Fellowship Program Hubli. For permitting me to did extended village study in my fellowship program
I would like to thank Madikoppa villagers who actively involved with my extended village study and during my field visits.
I would like to thank my co fellows and friends.
I would like to thank the respondents of four villages in Madikoppa for helping for learning and gaining insights.
Finally my sincere thanks to Deshpande Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship Hubli, supported me to accomplish my study.
Ramachandra Bhat
Cohort 6
Content Page number
Chapter; 1 Introduction …………….............................................................................4
1.1. Definition of sanitation…………………………..…………..…………4
1.2. Purpose of the study…………………...…………………...…………4
1.3. Hypotheses of study ……………………………………..……………5
1.4. Sample size of the study…………………………….....……..………..5
1.5. Objective of the study………………………………………………5
Chapter; 2 Methodologies ………………………………………………………….6
2.1. Primary data collection……………………………......………………6
Chapter; 3 Presentation of data analysis………………………...……………………7
Chapter; 4 Learning’s …………………………………………...…………………21
4.1. Major findings of the study ………………………....…….…………22
Chapter; 5 Suggestion and conclusion ………………………………………………23
Annexure 1
“A study on impact of sanitation practices in Madikoppa village”
Chapter 1; Introduction
Diarrhea and water-borne diseases are leading causes of mortality in developing countries. To understand the socio-cultural factors impacting on sanitation, study have shows knowledge, attitudes and sanitation practices, sanitation and defecation in Madikoppa village. While conducting study some of the survey tool used for collecting data there are questionnaires and focus group discussions, Madikoppa village have only one community that is Maratha community. The study showed this village have not drinking water problem, this village have lot of drinking water resources like Burwell, water tank, lake, house holders haven’t facing drinking water problem their life time. [1]
Study contented 40 sample sizes, with the help of questionnaire all data was collected. Madikoppa village haven’t proper defecation facilities, like 100% of the respondents opinion was no toilet, their strong argument was we are very much comfortable with open deification that is the things existing in Madikoppa village. Apart from hygiene was very bad majority of the villages having habits of chivvying supari they spilt very were no particular place, which is the situation of hygiene. Among 80% of them very much interested to build a toilet but rest of the 20 not interested to go to toilet they very much comfortable without toilet.
1.1.Definition of sanitation
The development and application of sanitary measures forthe sake of cleanliness, protecting health, etc. the disposal of sewage and solid waste.[2]
1.2.Purpose of the study
Madikoppa village have lot of resources like water, fertile land, good cropping pattern, and good understanding each other this are the good things have in the village but one main thing was no toilet in the village it shows they not concern about the health, and social dignity. Every day morning all children’s, women, man, totally all members go to open defecation only, so women’s are suffered lot because they are the persons very much need the toilet but they not have toilet facility.
Madikoppa village have good agriculture background all people have animals it is part of their life, but villagers have not maintaining cow dung so this things made me to do study. Another thing was this village have good drainage facilities and some place haven’t road, and drinking water tank is not properly managed so this are the things lead me to study.
1.3.Hypotheses of the study
Based on my first village observation study, I came to know some of the assumptions in Madikoppa village in mainly on sanitation.
· Majority of the Madikoppa villagers have not proper sanitation system it includes waste management, and drainage system.
· All people are practicing open deification
· People not ready to using toilets in Madikoppa village
· People not managed garbage in properly
· People get some of the waterborne disease
· Madikoppa villagers not having good hygiene practices.
1.4.Sample size of the study
Madikoppa village have 50 houses, study randomly select 40 householders means in terms of percentage 80% is the study sample size.
1.5.Objective of the study
· To know the existing sanitation system in Madikoppa village
· To know the problems involving in the sanitation system in Madikoppa village
· To understand the problems and challenges faced by the Madikoppa villagers with related to sanitation.
· To know people response for the sanitation program
· To understand the impact of the existing sanitation system in Madikoppa village.
Chapter 2; Methodology
My extended village study I plan to use some of the methods to collecting information there are
2.1.Primary data collection
Primary data collection very much helps to the study, researcher directly go to the field and based on researcher study topic and objective he collect the data through using in deferent tools, this collected data first hand information for the researcher he directly collected from people this types of data called primary data.
This extended village study have studded on impact study on sanitation practices in Madikoppa village so while collecting primary data some of the primary data collation tools used there are,
o Observation method
Observation is the one of the method used collecting primary data, through observation researcher can collect some of the important things like some sensational issues researcher can’t used questionnaire and collecting data some time it gives negative impact on the study, so observation helps to clarifying collected data.
o Interview method
Interview is the one of the primary data collection method, it used in world wide it is the more important method in collecting primary data. Researcher collecting primary data with the help of the prepared questionnaire and one to one interaction, it is very easy and every one follows this method. This extended village study also used interview method
o Group discussion method
Group discussion is the one of the effective data collection method it used for open handed data collection like some type of discussion types of the questions, during the group discussion all things clarified like one to one or group seriously think about the issues or topic and came to group opinion this the final result of the discussion this data primary data for the researcher so this method used this extended village study.
o Questionnaire method
This questionnaire method is one of the most effective and more popular method to collecting primary data, this extended village study have one set of questionnaire through this questionnaire method all information collected, so it is the one of the most effective data collection method it is used in this study.
These are the methods used while collecting data.
Chapter 3; Presentation and data analysis
Table no. 1
Occupation details helps to study, because once know the occupation details we can easily find the respondents economic and social statues, so I feel this question supporting to understand the respondents working style, so I ask this question.
Occupation details about villagers | |||
S.No. | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in% | |
1 | Farmer | 35 | 87.5 |
2 | Landless labor | 2 | 5 |
3 | Wage worker | 3 | 7.5 |
4 | Other | 0 | 0 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
This chart belongs to table no.1
Table no. 1 shows majority of the respondents belongs to agriculture background like 87.5 % of them are practicing agriculture, because all villagers are having land so Madikoppa haven’t other income generation sources, like some of the minority group haven’t land they go for daily wages this work also with related agriculture work like 12.5% of them working in field in daily for wages.
Table No.2
Number of family members is very much helps to study, once know the strength of the family we can easily find out the importance of the toilet, and how they maintaining the hygiene this are the things find out with the help of this information.
Number of family members | |||
S.No. | No. of members | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in% |
1 | 1to5 | 21 | 52.5 |
2 | 5to10 | 18 | 45 |
3 | more than 10 | 1 | 2.5 |
4 | Total | 40 | 100 |
This chart belongs to table no.2
Table No. 2 shows family members details of the respondents, in this study table shows 52.5% of the respondents having 1 to 5 members in their family because all Madikoppa villagers are migrated from Gulikoppa so they all constructing their house here so each family divided nearly in 5 to6 members. So this information helps to know the population of the respondent’s family.
Table No.3
This land holding question is mainly helps to know the villagers economic statues like instead of asking reach and poor, asking owning land amount through that we can easily identified the economic level of the respondents. This question helps to collecting study related information.
Land holding's of the respondents | |||
S.No. | Land in acres | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in% |
1 | 1 to 5 | 22 | 55 |
2 | 5 to 10 | 13 | 32.5 |
3 | 10 to 15 | 2 | 5 |
4 | > 15 | 0 | 0 |
5 | No land | 3 | 7.5 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
This chart with related to table No.3.
Table No.3 shows 55% of the respondents having 1 to 5 acres of land it shows this farmers come under small farmers, so we can easily say in Madikoppa village 55% of the belongs to small family. In rest of the 32.5% of them having up to 10 acres of land so this farmers called as medium land holder, in this village no one land lords all are belongs to small and medium farmers category.
Table No. 4.
Having toilets among respondents house | |||
S.No. | opinion | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in% |
1 | Yes | 3 | 7.5 |
2 | No | 37 | 92.5 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
Table no.4 shows 92.5 % of the families have not toilets but rest of the 7.5% of them have toilets, so this information shows only 3 families have toilet among the 40 respondents.
Table No. 5.
This information helps to know the why 92.5% of the families doesn’t have toilets so study including this question.
Reasons for doesn't have toilet | |||
S.No. | Types of reasons | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in% |
1 | Economic reason | 4 | 10 |
2 | Not interested | 26 | 65 |
3 | other reasons | 10 | 25 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
This chart belongs to table No 5.
Table no 5 shows reasons for doesn’t have toilet like 65% of respondents not have toilets because of they have not interested to constructing toilet. Even 25% of them are have other reasons like they need implementing agencies their main compliant was no one take lead and built a toilet for them, and second reason was they have lot of empty place for defecation so that they are not required toilet. In 10 % of them landless and poor families need toilet but they not afford the cost of the construction expanse, this are the reasons Madikoppa villagers not having toilets.
Table No. 6.
65% of them are not interested in toilets so this table shows how respondents managing their daily activity.
where did you going for the toilet | |||
S. No. | Places | No. of respondents (out of 40) | No. of respondents in%(out of 40) |
1 | Toilet | 2 | 5 |
2 | Near lake | 38 | 95 |
3 | Forest | 16 | 40 |
4 | Field | 23 | 57.5 |
5 | Open place | 10 | 25 |
6 | Other place | 3 | 7.5 |
This chart belongs to table No. 6.
Table No. 6 shows 95% of the respondents are go to near lake for defecation, in 57.5% of them go for their field for defecation, 40% of them defends on the forest for defecation, in 25% of them go to open place in outside the village. Other places like behind the school, behind the tree, inside the paddy field, this are the place for the toilet. In rest of the 5% of them go to toilet because they have toilet facility in their house.
Table No. 7.
This question enlighten the real situation on the village sanitation statues, through this question study get lot of inputs like what are the problems woman faced without toilet so study have this question.
what are the problem woman’s faced while going open defecation | |||
S.No. | Types of problem | No. of respondents (out of 40) | No. of respondents in%(out of 40) |
1 | Shyness | 32 | 80 |
2 | Animals problem | 0 | 0 |
3 | Peoples problem | 6 | 15 |
4 | Other problem | 28 | 70 |
This chart belongs to table no.7.
Table no. 7. Shows out of 40 respondents 80% of them say woman’s faced shyness to go open place for the defecation, 70% of them say other problems like in rainy season very difficult to go outside in some time very difficult to go outside in late night, while illness like dysentery very difficult to manage, so according to people opinion they are very much suffering from the bad impact of the sanitation. Everyone knows very difficult to go outside defecation in day time is big problem for the woman, they have to carry long time it badly affected their health, so it has lot of bad affects on villagers.
Woman have faced this types of the difficulties she find the some ways there are she go for toilet in early morning or late night.
Table No. 8.
Importance of toilet in the opinion of the respondents | |||
S.No. | opinion | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in% |
1 | Yes | 32 | 80 |
2 | No | 8 | 20 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
Table no. 8 shows 80% of the respondents are came to know importance of the toilet, they faced lot of difficulties without toilet like woman are not comfortable, daily walk long distance for the toilet, some time very difficult to carry, this are the things made them to show interest towards the toilet .
Table No. 9
Do you feel comfortable without toilet | |||
S. No. | Opinion | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in% |
1 | Yes | 8 | 20 |
2 | No | 32 | 80 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
This table shows 80% of the respondents are feel about without toilet we are not comfortable, they realized the important of the toilet, but rest of the 20% of the respondents are not feel good for toilet they are very much comfortable without toilet like one person said I am not sitting in the toile in my life time I won’t feel anything inside the toilet. It shows this people are not comfortable with the toilet.
Table No 10.
what type of the drainage do you have in front of your house | |||
S.No. | Types of drainage | No. of respondents (out of 40) | No. of respondents in%(out of 100) |
1 | Open drainage | 4 | 10 |
2 | Close drainage | 22 | 55 |
3 | Concert drainage | 16 | 40 |
4 | Mud drainage | 4 | 10 |
5 | No drainage | 2 | 5 |
This chart belongs to table no.10.
Table no. 10 shows out of 100%, 55% of them are having closed and proper drainage system, because while Suvarna Gramodaya scheme some part of the village street get concert road, so 40% during that time drainage also constructed, so this people have good closed drainage system. But 10 % of them have not good drainage system they have mud drainage system, because they have not participating village development activity so some of them missing the opportunities of facilities.
Table No. 11.
This question helps to find out the hygiene practices like how they mange the domestic waste water it is more important in the sanitation, because improper management of waste water leads to some of the big problems like cholera, malaria, other vector born and water born disease comes so this study have this question.
Management the domestic waste water | |||
S. No. | Usage of waste water | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in % |
1 | live it to drainage | 2 | 5 |
2 | use to kitchen garden | 19 | 47.5 |
3 | use to agriculture field | 19 | 47.5 |
4 | other use | 0 | 0 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
Table No. 11. Shows details about domestic waste water management in this village 47.5 % of the respondents are use waste water in to kitchen garden and in same amount of respondents using agriculture land this waste water gives more supportive to the plants growth, so majority means 95% of them used but rest of the 5% of them are not using they simply live domestic waste water in to the drainage because this people not have place to do the kitchen garden so they are simply live in to the drainage.
Table No, 12.
Solid waste is the one of the big problem for India because more usage of non degradable things like plastic, and other petroleum products, so in village how they manage the thing and what are the alternatives methods they used to make village clean. So this study has this question.
Management domestic solid wastes | |||
S. No. | Types of usage | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in % |
1 | Throw in the out side | 2 | 5 |
2 | Throw in to back yard | 19 | 47.5 |
3 | Keep it in one place | 19 | 47.5 |
4 | Other | 0 | 0 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
Table shows 47.5% of the respondents are throwing back yard in all waste, other 47.5% of them are keep it in one place even plastic and non degradable things they fired it. Some time glass waste they throw in outside.
Table No. 13.
In village all are having animals they thought animals are the part of their life so animal waste management is the one of the challenge, but this question exploring villager’s way of cattle waste management. So in this way study have this question.
Management of cattle waste in village | |||
S.No. | Types of usage | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in % |
1 | manure | 20 | 50 |
2 | keep it in pit | 19 | 47.5 |
3 | Vermi compost | 1 | 2.5 |
4 | selling | 0 | 0 |
5 | other | 0 | 0 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
Table no. 13 shows 50% of the respondents are says they are used cattle waste In making manure because they all are having land so they need manure so they used cattle waste in manure. In 47.5% of them are keep in pit and some of the non degradable things they faired, like plastic. In very rare people use cow dung in used make Vermi compost.
Table No. 14.
City we have municipality to clean the waste things, in village no one clean the garbage so it is one of the most important component of the sanitation part, so study have this question to know the more information about the waste management.
who will take care your village waste | |||
S.No. | Care take careers | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in % |
1 | Villagers | 11 | 27.5 |
2 | Youths | 0 | 0 |
3 | Themselves | 21 | 52.5 |
4 | No one | 8 | 20 |
5 | Others | 0 | 0 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
This chart belongs to table no. 14.
Table no. 14 shows in Madikoppa village no one agency take care of the garbage only villagers take lead and clean there street and surrounding there house, in village not big issues for garbage because most of the all things bio degradable so farmers used all waste considered as manure. 52.5% of them cleaning themselves.
Table No. 15.
who will suffering most, without toilet | |||
S.No. | Sufferers | No. of respondents (out of 40) | No. of respondents in%(out of 40) |
1 | women | 39 | 97.5 |
2 | man | 0 | 0 |
3 | children | 9 | 22.5 |
4 | old age people | 9 | 22.5 |
5 | others | 1 | 2.5 |
This chart belongs to table no. 15.
Table No. 15. Shows 97.5% of the woman are facing problem without toilet, like they are facing more problems like late night they go for defecation or early morning they go for defecation, in rainy season they are suffering lot like very difficult for go outside. So main victims are women without toilet they suffer most.
Table No. 16.
respondents opinion about health affects in absence of toilet | |||
S. No. | No. of respondents | No. of respondents in % | |
1 | Yes | 1 | 2.5 |
2 | No | 31 | 77.5 |
3 | don’t know | 8 | 20 |
Total | 40 | 100 | |
Table no. 16 shows awareness about the health problems which is coming from improper management of the hygiene. They have facing diarrhea problem but they don’t know it is comes from unhygienic practices this is the situation in Madikoppa village. In 20 % of them they don’t know open defecation affects on the health, in very small amount of the population know it is affects on the health. It shows they are adjusted to that system.
Chapter; 4 Learning’s
This extended village study gives lot of learning’s opportunities to me there are To understand real situation of the village with related to sanitation. Learned about ground reality, and comprising with real situation with our hypotheses Learned about taking and mingling with villagers, and collecting the information in villagers I learned about how to write report and data analysisObservation
· Madikoppa village have lot of natural resources, this people main occupation is agriculture.
· People are not interested to constructing toilet, and main reason is they are very much comparable without toilet.
· Madikoppa have very less population and have lot of place that is the main reason made them go open deification.
· Some of them are very much interested to built toilet, but they are not take initiative because they are not ready to spend money on toilet. Main thing was they not aware of the government facilities.
4.1. Major findings of the study
This study has some of the major findings there are
Madikoppa haven’t toilet, all peoples are very much adjusted that system. Absences of the toilet woman are facing lot of problem in Madikoppa village, but no one concern about them. Majority of them habits of covings pan, they splitting in front of the house it is the one of the main thing we can say they not practicing proper hygiene. Villagers think toilet is very much important but on one take initiative to build a toilet. Without toilet all adjusted no one say it is big problem, some of them say’s without toilet we are very much comfortable Some of them personally share their opinion about sanitation in specially toilet, they heat toilet like one person built toilet someone came and throw big stone broke toilet. Another thing is I ask one person his name is Mr. Hanumath he told to me, I never go to toilet because I have lot of place in outside I am very much comfortable without toilet. This is the real situation in Madikoppa village. Chapter; 5 Suggestions and Conclusion
In India is developing country it has lot of opportunities, in the same time lot of problems in India, among all this problems sanitation is the one of the big challenge for our country. Government has providing lot of facilities to the developing rural area, villagers not aware of the sanitation they have their own way of the practices, and one main thing is they not easily accepting changes. This is the main thing leads to pull back villages in back side, so we are the development agencies more focus on the rural area like Madikoppa. The study more about village sanitation this village have not sanitation concept nun of the agencies take sanitation project, once government implementing the toilet construction but villagers not showing interest towards toilet.
Madikoppa people have not much economic problems but there way of life style is like that. Main suggestion is with related to sanitation.
Villagers need toilets but they need implementing agency.
They are not ready to spend money on sanitation, first create needs and make sure they use toilet other waste it is waste of time and money.
This are the two main suggestions, this extended village study was very good platform of each one, this study has gives more knowledge about sanitation, I very much proved to say this study fulfill my objectives, my 80% of the hypotheses are true so I can say this study gives lot of learning opportunities for me.
Annexure 1
Questionnaire about extended village study in Madikoppa village
- Name of the respondent :-_______________________________
- Age :-______________________________________________
- Marital Status
Married | Unmarried | Widow | Divorced |
- Occupation
Farmer | landless labor | wage worker |
- Number of family members
Number of members | 1-5 | 5-10 | 10-15 | More than 15 |
6. Do you own land
Yes | No |
7. If it is yes how much land do you have
Acers of land | 1-5 | 5-10 | 10-15 | More than 15 |
8. Do you have toilet in your house
Yes | No |
9. What was the reason for you doesn’t have the toilet?
Economic problem | Not interested | Other reason |
10. Where did you going for the toilet?
Toilet | Near lake | Forest | Field | Other place |
11. What are the problems women’s faced daily while going to open defecation?
Shyness | Animals problem | Other persons | Other problems |
12. How women’s cope up these types of problem?
13. Do you think toilet is important in your family
Yes | No |
14. Do you feel comfortable without toilet
Yes | No |
15. What types of the drainage do you have in front of the house?
Open drainage | Close drainage | Concert drainage | Mud drainage | No drainage |
16. How you mange the domestic waste water?
Live it to drainage | Use to kitchen garden | Use to agriculture field | Other |
17. How you managed the domestic solid wastes
Throw in to the drainage | Throw in the back yard | Keep it in one place | Other |
18. How you managed the cattle waste
Manure | Keep it in pit | Vermi compost | Selling | Other |
19. Who will take care your village waste management
Villagers | Youths | Themselves | No one | Other |
20. Who will suffering most, without the toilet
Woman | Man | Children | Old age | Other |
21. Do you think it is effects on the villager health
Yes | No |
22. If it is yes how it is effects on villagers health
Group discussion questionnaire
1. Do you have toilet in your village
2. Why do you not constricting the toilet
3. Who will suffer most without toilet
4. Is there any sanitation programs implemented in your village
5. What is your opinion about your village sanitation condition
6. How did you solve the sanitation problems in your village
7. What is the reason people not using toilet
8. Do you have any plan to reducing the waste things
9. How you manage the agriculture byproducts
10. How you used the animal waste in your villagers? And were?
11. Do you feel how much money required building a toilet?
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